Best Hotels In Edinburgh City Centre For Every Traveler
Best hotels in edinburgh city centre offer an exceptional opportunity for travelers to immerse themselves in the historical and cultural richness of Scotland’s capital. The importance of location in hotel selection cannot be overstated, as proximity to key attractions enhances the overall experience. With a range of accommodations available, from luxury establishments to budget-friendly options, visitors can find the perfect lodging to suit their needs while enjoying the vibrant atmosphere of the city centre.
Edinburgh’s city centre is home to a diverse array of hotels that reflect the city’s unique character and charm. Historical significance is evident in many of these establishments, providing guests with not just a place to stay, but also a glimpse into the city’s storied past.
Overview of Edinburgh City Centre Hotels
The hotels in Edinburgh’s city centre play a crucial role in shaping the visitor experience, as their location allows easy access to the city’s rich cultural heritage and vibrant atmosphere. For travelers seeking convenience, comfort, and a taste of local history, these accommodations serve as ideal bases for exploration. The central area is not only a hub of activity but also a place where historical and modern influences coalesce, making the choice of hotel vital for an enriching stay.In the heart of Edinburgh, visitors will find a diverse range of accommodations that cater to varying preferences and budgets.
From luxurious five-star establishments that offer opulent amenities and exceptional service to charming boutique hotels brimming with character, the city centre presents options for every type of traveler. Furthermore, budget-friendly hostels and guesthouses are available for those seeking economical solutions without compromising on location or comfort. This variety reflects Edinburgh’s commitment to hospitality, ensuring that every visitor can find a suitable place to rest after a day of discovery.
Significance of Historical Hotels in Edinburgh City Centre
Edinburgh’s city centre is home to several historical hotels that not only provide lodging but also serve as landmarks that narrate the city’s illustrious past. These establishments often retain architectural features that reflect the historical context in which they were built, contributing to the city’s overall aesthetic and cultural fabric.Among notable historical hotels is the Balmoral Hotel, an iconic structure that has stood since 1902, distinguished by its clock tower that is a symbol of the city.
This hotel has hosted numerous notable guests, including royalty and celebrities, further embedding it within the cultural narrative of Edinburgh. The Waldorf Astoria Edinburgh – The Caledonian, another esteemed establishment, offers views of Edinburgh Castle and has roots tracing back to 1903, showcasing the grandeur of the Victorian era.The historical significance of these hotels extends beyond their architectural beauty; they often play roles in local traditions and events, making them integral to the community.
Visitors who choose to stay in such hotels not only enjoy modern comforts but also immerse themselves in the storied heritage of Edinburgh, enhancing their overall experience in this captivating city.
Top Luxury Hotels in Edinburgh City Centre
Edinburgh City Centre is renowned for its stunning architecture, rich cultural heritage, and vibrant atmosphere, making it a prime destination for travelers seeking luxury accommodations. Within this bustling hub, several hotels stand out, offering not only opulent surroundings but also unparalleled service and amenities that cater to the desires of discerning guests.Among the luxury hotels in Edinburgh City Centre, a few establishments are particularly noteworthy, each providing unique features that enhance the guest experience.
These hotels combine historical charm with modern sophistication, ensuring that every stay is memorable.
Top Luxury Hotels
A selection of premier luxury hotels in Edinburgh City Centre includes:
- The Balmoral Hotel
-This iconic hotel is renowned for its majestic clock tower and classic Scottish elegance. Guests can enjoy the lavish spa, Michelin-starred dining at Number One, and opulent rooms that feature breathtaking views of the city. - Waldorf Astoria Edinburgh – The Caledonian
-Overlooking Edinburgh Castle, this historic hotel boasts beautiful Victorian architecture and offers luxurious amenities including a spa, an indoor pool, and exquisite dining experiences at Grazing by Mark Greenaway. - InterContinental Edinburgh The George
-Combining contemporary comfort with historic charm, this hotel features beautifully appointed rooms, a sophisticated lounge, and a prime location near key attractions such as St. Giles’ Cathedral. - Radisson Collection Hotel, Royal Mile Edinburgh
-Set in a prime location, this hotel provides a fusion of modern design and traditional Scottish hospitality, featuring a rooftop terrace with stunning views and a state-of-the-art fitness centre.
The amenities offered by these luxury hotels are integral to their appeal. Guests can expect a variety of high-end services and facilities, including:
- Full-service spas that offer rejuvenating treatments and relaxation experiences.
- Fine dining restaurants and bars, often led by renowned chefs, providing exquisite culinary options.
- Concierge services that cater to guests’ personalized needs, from arranging tours to securing reservations at popular local attractions.
- Business facilities equipped with the latest technology, suitable for corporate travelers.
- Elegant event spaces for hosting weddings, conferences, and private gatherings.
When considering pricing and value, luxury hotels in Edinburgh City Centre typically range from £200 to £600 per night, depending on the season and room type. While this may appear steep, guests often find that the exceptional service, prime locations, and upscale amenities justify the cost.
“The value of luxury accommodations lies not only in the comfort of the rooms but the overall experience and unique offerings that create unforgettable memories.”
For instance, The Balmoral Hotel often features exclusive packages that include spa treatments or dining experiences, enhancing the overall value of a stay. Additionally, many luxury hotels provide promotional rates during off-peak seasons, allowing guests to enjoy lavish stays at more accessible prices.In summary, the luxury hotels in Edinburgh City Centre not only provide a lavish and comfortable stay but also ensure that guests receive exceptional service and access to a wealth of amenities, making them a worthwhile consideration for any traveler seeking an unforgettable experience.
Budget-Friendly Options in Edinburgh City Centre

Edinburgh City Centre offers a range of budget-friendly accommodation options that allow travelers to experience the charm and vibrancy of this historic city without breaking the bank. Whether you are a solo traveler, a couple on a getaway, or a family looking to explore, there are numerous hotels and hostels that cater to various needs while being easy on the wallet.Choosing budget-friendly accommodations comes with several advantages.
Not only do they help in saving money that can be used for exploring attractions, dining, and other activities, but they also often provide a unique, authentic experience of the local culture. Many budget hotels are located in central areas, allowing for easy access to public transportation, local attractions, and dining options. Furthermore, staying in budget accommodations can offer opportunities to meet fellow travelers and share experiences, enriching your trip.
List of Budget Hotels in Edinburgh City Centre
There are several commendable budget hotels in Edinburgh City Centre that provide comfort and convenience at affordable rates. Here are a few noteworthy options:
- Cityroomz Edinburgh
-A modern hotel located just a short walk from Waverley Station, this establishment boasts clean and comfortable rooms at budget-friendly prices. Its proximity to the city’s attractions makes it an ideal choice for travelers. - ibis Edinburgh Centre South Bridge
-Situated near the historic Old Town, this hotel offers affordable rooms with contemporary decor. Guests can enjoy a bar and a restaurant on-site, making it convenient for dining after a day of exploring. - Travelodge Edinburgh Central
-Known for its straightforward accommodations, this hotel features spacious rooms and essential amenities. Its central location is perfect for those looking to explore Edinburgh’s major sites. - Budget Backpackers
-This hostel is perfect for budget-conscious travelers seeking a vibrant atmosphere. Offering both shared and private rooms, it provides a communal kitchen and lounge area to facilitate socializing among guests. - Safestay Edinburgh
-Located in a historic building, this hostel offers dormitory and private room options. It includes a bar and terrace, creating a friendly environment for relaxation and interaction.
To find deals and discounts on budget hotels, consider the following tips. Booking in advance often secures better rates, as hotels tend to raise prices as the date approaches. Utilizing price comparison websites can help identify the best deals available across various platforms. Additionally, keeping an eye out for promotional offers, such as “stay three nights and get the fourth night free,” can lead to significant savings.
Signing up for hotel newsletters and loyalty programs can also provide exclusive discounts and early access to sales.
“Traveling on a budget doesn’t mean compromising on comfort and quality; it’s about finding the right balance and enjoying the experience.”
Unique Themed Hotels in Edinburgh
Edinburgh city centre is home to a variety of unique themed hotels, each offering a distinct experience that reflects the rich culture and history of the city. These hotels provide more than just accommodation; they create immersive experiences that are sure to leave a lasting impression on every guest. From whimsical decor to historical narrations, these themed hotels cater to diverse tastes and preferences, ensuring that every stay is memorable.Themed hotels in Edinburgh are designed to transport guests into different worlds, showcasing unique design elements, curated experiences, and personalized services.
Below are some noteworthy examples of themed hotels that stand out in the city centre:
Notable Themed Hotels
Several themed hotels in Edinburgh capture the imagination and provide guests with extraordinary experiences, often inspired by local lore and artistic expressions. The following hotels epitomize these themes:
- The Witchery by the Castle: Nestled near Edinburgh Castle, The Witchery is steeped in the mystique of Scotland’s witchcraft history. Each suite is lavishly decorated, echoing Gothic influences, with sumptuous furnishings and opulent fabrics. Guests are treated to a unique dining experience with a focus on Scottish cuisine, further enhancing their immersive stay.
- The Scotsman Hotel: This former newspaper office has been transformed into a stunning hotel that reflects the history of journalism in Scotland. The hotel showcases classic features such as original woodwork, ornate ceilings, and historic memorabilia. The Scotsman Bar offers a wide selection of whiskies, allowing guests to indulge in a true Scottish experience.
- Hotel du Vin Edinburgh: This boutique hotel embraces a wine-themed decor and atmosphere, with each room named after a famous wine region. Guests can enjoy an extensive wine list in the bistro-style restaurant, which complements the contemporary and stylish design of the hotel, creating an upscale yet relaxed ambiance.
- Malone’s Irish Bar & Hotel: Combining hospitality with a lively Irish bar, this hotel features a vibrant Irish theme. The decor is adorned with Irish memorabilia, and guests can enjoy traditional Irish music and cuisine, making it a perfect spot for those wanting to experience the warmth of Irish culture in the heart of Edinburgh.
When comparing guest experiences at these unique hotels, it becomes evident that each hotel offers a distinct atmosphere and set of amenities that are reflective of their themes. Guests at The Witchery value the chance to indulge in luxury and history, while those at The Scotsman appreciate the blend of historic charm and modern comforts. The wine enthusiasts gravitate towards Hotel du Vin for its exquisite culinary offerings, whereas visitors seeking a lively social environment often favor Malone’s Irish Bar & Hotel for its energetic vibe and community feel.
“Staying at a themed hotel is not just about accommodation; it’s an adventure that brings the essence of Edinburgh to life.”
Family-Friendly Hotels in Edinburgh City Centre

Edinburgh City Centre offers a variety of accommodations that cater specifically to families traveling with children. These hotels not only provide comfortable rooms but also offer amenities and services that make family stays enjoyable and convenient. When planning a family trip, it’s essential to choose a hotel that caters to the needs of parents and kids alike, ensuring that everyone has a memorable experience.Several hotels in the city centre stand out for their family-friendly features.
Families can benefit from amenities such as larger rooms, child-friendly dining options, and activities that engage children. Additionally, many hotels offer services like babysitting and family packages, which can enhance the overall travel experience.
Notable Family-Friendly Hotels in Edinburgh City Centre, Best hotels in edinburgh city centre
When selecting a family-friendly hotel, it is important to consider various factors that enhance comfort and convenience for both parents and children. The following hotels are renowned for their family-friendly amenities:
- Radisson Blu Hotel: This hotel features spacious family rooms and provides cribs for infants upon request. The on-site restaurant offers a children’s menu, ensuring that even the pickiest eaters have tasty options.
- Hilton Edinburgh Carlton: Located centrally, this hotel offers family rooms and has a swimming pool where children can play. The hotel also provides easy access to family attractions, such as the Edinburgh Zoo.
- Jurys Inn Edinburgh: Known for its budget-friendly family options, this hotel provides spacious rooms with sofa beds. The breakfast buffet includes a variety of options that cater to children’s tastes.
- Novotel Edinburgh Centre: This hotel features a play area for children and offers kid-friendly amenities like free breakfast for children under 16. It also boasts a family room setup, making it an ideal choice for larger families.
- Macdonald Holyrood Hotel: With child-friendly services such as babysitting and a children’s menu, this hotel ensures that families have a comfortable stay. Its proximity to Holyrood Park also offers opportunities for outdoor activities.
For parents traveling with kids, certain tips may enhance the hotel selection process. Consider the following advice:
- Look for hotels that offer family packages which include perks such as free meals for children or discounted attraction tickets.
- Choose accommodations with kitchen facilities or kitchenettes, as this allows for convenient meal preparation and snacks on the go.
- Check for proximity to family-friendly attractions and public transport to minimize travel time and enhance convenience during your stay.
- Read reviews from other families to understand the experiences and insights shared by fellow travelers regarding the hotel’s amenities and services.
- Inquire about any specific children’s activities or programs that the hotel may offer to keep young guests engaged.
Choosing the right hotel can significantly enhance a family’s experience during their stay in Edinburgh. Prioritizing comfort and family-friendly amenities ensures that everyone enjoys their visit.
Romantic Hotels for Couples in Edinburgh
Edinburgh, with its enchanting architecture, rich history, and stunning landscapes, serves as an idyllic backdrop for romantic getaways. The city boasts a variety of hotels that cater to couples looking for a special retreat. From luxurious accommodations to intimate settings, the following establishments provide a perfect atmosphere for love and romance.
Top Romantic Hotels in Edinburgh
To ensure a memorable experience, many hotels in Edinburgh offer special packages and unique services tailored for couples. These options often include amenities such as candlelit dinners, spa treatments, and breathtaking views. Here are some of the most romantic hotels in the city, each with its distinct ambiance:
- The Balmoral Hotel: This iconic five-star hotel features lavish rooms, a Michelin-star restaurant, and a luxurious spa. Couples can indulge in special romantic packages that include champagne, chocolates, and exclusive dining experiences.
- Hotel du Vin Edinburgh: Set in a former warehouse, this hotel combines rustic charm with modern luxury. Couples can enjoy unique themed rooms and romantic dining options, including bespoke wine pairings.
- Waldorf Astoria Edinburgh – The Caledonian: Known as ‘The Caley,’ this hotel offers stunning views of Edinburgh Castle and features elegant rooms. Their romantic packages often include spa treatments and dinner in their award-winning restaurant.
- Fingal: A unique floating hotel experience, Fingal is a former lighthouse vessel moored in Leith. This hotel provides an intimate setting with beautifully designed cabins and a cozy atmosphere, perfect for couples looking for something different.
- Radisson Blu Hotel, Edinburgh: Located on the historic Royal Mile, this hotel offers stylish rooms and exceptional service. The hotel’s romantic packages feature dinner at the on-site restaurant and access to local attractions.
The ambiance and settings of these romantic hotels vary significantly, enhancing the overall experience for couples. For instance, while The Balmoral’s luxurious and opulent environment creates an air of elegance, Fingal’s unique floating experience offers a sense of adventure and intimacy. Each hotel tailors its atmosphere to provide an escape from the ordinary, ensuring couples can celebrate their love in a memorable way.
Reviews and Recommendations from Travelers: Best Hotels In Edinburgh City Centre
Travelers’ testimonials play a crucial role in understanding the quality and service offered by hotels. Reviews can provide insight into the experiences of guests, helping potential visitors make informed decisions. In the heart of Edinburgh City Centre, hotels vary in style, amenities, and overall guest satisfaction, making it essential to look at what previous visitors have to say.Guest reviews highlight several key factors, including cleanliness, customer service, location, and value for money.
Below is a comparative table summarizing guest ratings for various city centre hotels, which showcases their overall performance based on traveler feedback.
| Hotel Name | Overall Rating | Cleanliness | Customer Service | Location | Value for Money |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Balmoral Hotel | 9.5 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 8.9 |
| Waldorf Astoria Edinburgh – The Caledonian | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 8.7 |
| Hotel du Vin Edinburgh | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 8.5 |
| ibis Edinburgh Centre South Bridge | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 8.3 |
Common themes found in traveler reviews include a strong appreciation for the central location of these hotels, which provides easy access to major attractions, historical sites, and dining options. Visitors often commend the high standard of cleanliness and maintenance within the hotels, reflecting meticulous housekeeping standards. Additionally, customer service frequently receives positive mentions, with many guests noting the friendliness and professionalism of the hotel staff.One recurring sentiment is that “the location was perfect for exploring the city on foot,” emphasizing the walkability of Edinburgh’s city centre.
Guests also commonly express satisfaction with the comfort and quality of their accommodations, stating that they felt “well taken care of during their stay.” In conclusion, traveler reviews indicate that staying in Edinburgh’s city centre hotels can significantly enhance the overall experience of visiting this historic and vibrant city, providing comfort, convenience, and exceptional service.
Accessibility and Transportation Options
Edinburgh City Centre is designed to accommodate travelers with diverse needs, ensuring that hotels offer accessibility features for guests with disabilities. Both luxury and budget-friendly hotels often provide wheelchair access, accessible bathrooms, and assistance for guests requiring special support. The city’s commitment to inclusivity is evident in the infrastructure surrounding these accommodations.Transportation options in Edinburgh are extensive and cater to various preferences.
The city boasts a well-connected public transport system, including buses and trams that make exploring easy for hotel guests. Taxis and ride-sharing services are also readily available, and many hotels can assist in arranging transportation for visitors who may require additional support.
Key Attractions and Nearby Distances
A number of attractions are conveniently located near hotels in Edinburgh City Centre, allowing guests to explore the historic and cultural sites with ease. The following list details some of the prominent attractions and their approximate distances from well-known hotels:
- Edinburgh Castle
-Located approximately 0.5 miles from many central hotels, this iconic fortress offers stunning views and rich history. - Royal Mile
-Just a short walk of about 0.4 miles, this historic street is lined with shops, restaurants, and historic sites. - National Museum of Scotland
-Within 0.6 miles, this museum showcases Scotland’s history and culture, making it an educational stop for all ages. - Holyrood Palace
-Approximately 1 mile from the city centre, this royal residence is a must-visit for those interested in the British monarchy. - Arthur’s Seat
-Located about 1.5 miles away, this ancient volcano offers a breathtaking view of the city, ideal for adventurous travelers.
Accessibility features at these attractions include ramps, accessible restrooms, and guided services for visitors with specific needs, ensuring that all guests can enjoy Edinburgh’s rich offerings comfortably.
Dining Options within Hotels and Nearby
Edinburgh’s city centre boasts a vibrant dining scene that caters to diverse tastes and preferences. Many top hotels feature their own exceptional dining facilities, providing guests with convenient culinary experiences. Additionally, the surrounding area is home to a rich array of restaurants and cafes, offering everything from traditional Scottish cuisine to international fare.The dining facilities available at top hotels contribute significantly to the overall experience of staying in Edinburgh.
Many of these establishments pride themselves on their high-quality food and service, frequently utilizing locally sourced ingredients. Guests can indulge in gourmet dining without stepping outside their hotel, while still having easy access to an impressive selection of nearby eateries.
Dining Facilities in Top Hotels
Several hotels in Edinburgh’s city centre provide outstanding dining options, showcasing the culinary talents of renowned chefs and unique menus. The following highlights some notable hotels and their dining offerings:
- The Balmoral Hotel
-Features the Michelin-starred restaurant, Number One, offering contemporary Scottish dishes prepared with seasonal ingredients. - Waldorf Astoria Edinburgh – The Caledonian
-Home to the elegant Brasserie de Luxe, serving both traditional Scottish and French cuisine in a stylish setting. - Radisson Blu Hotel
-Offers a casual dining experience at Collage Restaurant, known for its hearty Scottish breakfast and locally inspired lunch and dinner menus. - Kimpton Charlotte Square Hotel
-Hosts the Burr & Co. café, perfect for relaxed dining, featuring locally roasted coffee and fresh, seasonal dishes.
Popular Restaurants and Cafes Nearby
In addition to hotel dining options, the city centre is lined with popular restaurants and cafes that highlight Edinburgh’s culinary diversity. The proximity of these eateries allows guests to explore various cuisines conveniently. Here are some recommended dining spots nearby:
- The Witchery by the Castle
-Renowned for its opulent interiors and gourmet Scottish dishes, this restaurant is positioned just steps away from Edinburgh Castle. - Dishoom Edinburgh
-Celebrated for its Bombay-style dining experience, Dishoom offers a creative and flavorful menu inspired by Indian cuisine. - Hawksmoor Edinburgh
-A haven for steak lovers, Hawksmoor serves high-quality meats and a selection of classic cocktails in a chic environment. - David Bann
-A popular vegetarian restaurant known for its innovative dishes that cater to different dietary preferences while emphasizing fresh, local produce.
Dining Options Comparison Table
The following table summarizes the various dining options available in terms of cuisine type and pricing, providing a clear comparison for discerning diners:
| Restaurant/Cafe | Cuisine Type | Price Range |
|---|---|---|
| The Balmoral Hotel – Number One | Scottish, Fine Dining | ££££ |
| Waldorf Astoria – Brasserie de Luxe | Scottish, French | £££ |
| Radisson Blu – Collage Restaurant | Scottish, Casual Dining | ££ |
| Kimpton Charlotte Square – Burr & Co. | Café, Light Dining | £ |
| The Witchery by the Castle | Scottish, Gourmet | ££££ |
| Dishoom Edinburgh | Indian, Casual | ££ |
| Hawksmoor Edinburgh | Steakhouse, Casual | £££ |
| David Bann | Vegetarian, Modern Cuisine | ££ |
Events and Activities Around Edinburgh City Centre Hotels

Edinburgh’s vibrant city centre is not only home to luxurious and budget-friendly hotels but also serves as a hub for an array of events and activities throughout the year. Staying in the heart of the city allows guests to immerse themselves in the rich culture, history, and festivities that Edinburgh has to offer. From renowned festivals to engaging local attractions, there is something for everyone to enjoy.The city centre is particularly famous for its annual events that can enhance the travel experience.
These festivals and activities often coincide with peak hotel bookings, making it essential for visitors to plan their stays around them. Guests can explore local attractions that are easily accessible from their accommodations, allowing for a convenient and enriching experience.
Annual Festivals and Nearby Attractions
Edinburgh hosts a variety of festivals and events that draw visitors from around the globe. These celebrations often feature music, arts, culture, and food, providing a unique opportunity for guests to engage with the local community. Here are some notable annual events and activities that coincide with hotel stays:
- Edinburgh Festival Fringe: Held every August, this world-renowned arts festival showcases thousands of performances across various genres, including theatre, comedy, and music. Many hotels offer special packages during this period, making it a perfect time to visit.
- Edinburgh International Festival: Also taking place in August, this festival celebrates classical music, opera, and dance, attracting top artists from around the world. It’s an excellent complement to the Fringe.
- Hogmanay (New Year’s Eve): The city comes alive with street parties, fireworks, and live music, creating a magical atmosphere to ring in the New Year. Hotels often have special events or offers for guests celebrating during this festive period.
- Edinburgh Christmas Market: Running from late November to early January, this festive market features stalls selling crafts, food, and drinks, alongside entertainment such as ice skating. Many hotels are conveniently located near the market, providing easy access.
- Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo: Taking place in August against the backdrop of Edinburgh Castle, this spectacular military performance features music and display from the armed forces, providing a unique cultural experience for visitors.
In addition to these festivals, there are numerous attractions and activities to explore within walking distance of city centre hotels. Guests can discover historical landmarks, museums, and parks, each offering insights into Edinburgh’s rich heritage.
“Edinburgh’s city centre is a vibrant tapestry of events, inviting guests to explore its cultural richness and charm.”
A checklist of recommended activities based on hotel location can enhance the visitor experience, ensuring that guests make the most of their stay in Edinburgh. When planning their itinerary, guests should consider the proximity of venues and attractions to their chosen accommodation. This thoughtful approach allows them to easily navigate the city and participate in the events that align with their interests.
Clarifying Questions
What are the best luxury hotels in Edinburgh city centre?
Some of the top luxury hotels include The Balmoral, Waldorf Astoria Edinburgh, and the Sheraton Grand, each offering unique features and high-end amenities.
Are there budget-friendly hotels in Edinburgh city centre?
Yes, there are several budget options such as the Ibis Edinburgh Centre, Travelodge Edinburgh Central, and Holiday Inn Express, which provide affordable yet comfortable stays.
What are some family-friendly hotels in the city centre?
Hotels like the Novotel Edinburgh Centre and the Radisson Blu Edinburgh are popular choices for families, offering amenities such as family rooms and play areas.
How can I find discounts on hotels in Edinburgh city centre?
To find deals, consider booking in advance, looking for promotional codes online, or using travel comparison websites to compare prices.
What dining options are available near the hotels?
Many hotels have on-site restaurants, and nearby options include a variety of cuisines, such as traditional Scottish fare, Italian, and Asian cuisines.